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«Наука через призму времени»
Октябрь, 2022 / Международный научный журнал
«Наука через призму времени» №10 (67) 2022
Автор: Рузиева Курсия Умаровна, преподаватель-стажер
Рубрика: Сельскохозяйственные науки
Название статьи: Разработка ресурсосберегающих ирригационных технологий при орошении полей гузы в бухарской области, экономия водных ресурсов на гидрогеле
Дата публикации: 21.09.2022
УДК 631
РАЗРАБОТКА
РЕСУРСОСБЕРЕГАЮЩИХ ИРРИГАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ПРИ ОРОШЕНИИ ПОЛЕЙ ГУЗЫ В БУХАРСКОЙ
ОБЛАСТИ, ЭКОНОМИЯ ВОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ НА ГИДРОГЕЛЕ
Рузиева Курсия Умаровна
преподаватель-стажер кафедры "использование
водных ресурсов и мелиорация"
Хамраев Заршер Талиб оглы
бакалавриат по земельному кадастру и
землепользованию 3-го уровня
Национальный исследовательский университет
"Ташкентский институт инженеров ирригации и механизации
сельского хозяйства"
Бухарский институт управления природными ресурсами,
г. Бухара, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация. Достижение равномерного увлажнения активных слоев почвы,распределенных по корневой
системе сельскохозяйственных культур, путем применения капельного, дождевого и
подземного орошения сельскохозяйственных культур на основе передовых водо-и энергосберегающих технологий в
странах-производителях сельскохозяйственных культур по всему миру,
предотвращение высокой фильтрации, истощение сточных вод, снижение физического
испарения за счет экономии воды и других ресурсов при сезонном орошении
сельскохозяйственных культур. в настоящее время ведутся научные исследования.
Важной задачей является получение высоких и качественных урожаев
сельскохозяйственных культур за счет совершенствования новейших инновационных водосберегающих технологий в мире, а также разработка
передовых методов орошения и их широкомасштабное использование в условиях
глобального изменения климата.
Ключевые
слова: ресурс, вода, капля, гуз, качественный урожай
"Wide use of
available water resources, water saving, widespread implementation
of cost-effective innovative technologies of irrigation are gaining
importance around the world. 2.0% of the available water resources on Earth are
fresh water reserves, 79% of which are permanent glaciers, 20% are groundwater and
1.0% are lakes and rivers, which are very scarce for human needs» [1]. In
cotton care, the use of liquid fertilizers in drip irrigation and the use of
mineral fertilizers by dissolving them in water, as well as saving their
consumption, increasing the yield and improving the quality of crops are urgent
tasks. In the
cotton-growing countries of the world, based on water and resource-saving
advanced technologies, the crop root system of the soil has been spread by
using drip, rain and underground irrigation methods of cotton and
cotton-complex crops. scientific researches are being
carried out to achieve uniform wetting of active layers, to prevent high
filtration, waste to sewage, to reduce physical evaporation and to save water
and other resources in seasonal irrigation of crops. In the world, it is
important to get a high and high-quality harvest from crops due to the
improvement of new modern innovative water-saving technologies, and it is
important to develop advanced methods of irrigation and use them on a large
scale in the face of global climate change. Currently, one of the factors negatively affecting the
increase in cotton productivity is the water shortage that occurs during the
growing season, and the second is the local soil and hydrogeological
conditions when irrigating cotton in most farms. Is the failure to take into
account the real requirements for water during the transition phases of growth
and development.
Part of the fertilizers
applied to the soil during the irrigation process, the toxic chemicals used
against weeds and insects are leached into the underground waters, which leads
to the deterioration of their ecological and meliorative
condition. The above-mentioned reasons require the effective use of water
resources allocated to irrigated lands, the system of agro-technological
activities that do not negatively affect the ecological situation, the
scientific justification and implementation of irrigation methods and
procedures. Most of the agricultural regions are located in arid climates,
evaporation is very high there. The solution was found locally, now it is possible to
save liters of irrigation water per centimeter of soil! This miracle agent was hydrogel. Hydrogel is designed to
retain moisture and slowly release it where it is useful for agricultural,
ornamental horticultural purposes and to prevent waterlogging.
This is a modern polymer material in the form of granules that actively absorb
water. When moistening hydrogel balls or powders, the
substances absorb water very quickly, turning into
jelly-like grains with a diameter of 0.7 to 1.5 cm, they retain their shape,
but can lose it with the slightest movement. Plant roots easily absorb the
moisture in the gel. As a result of excessive precipitation and snowmelt, soil waterlogging does not occur. When the place where the root
lives is saturated with water, all of it is collected by the hydrogel. The main property of hydrogel
is its ability to retain water. It is able to collect 300 ml of water along
with 1 g of dissolved substances. When the surface layer dries, the particles
return to the form of granules and remain active for at least 5 years. Aquagel does not harm the environment. The tool serves on
time and separates the soil into simple substances that are common in nature:
water; carbon dioxide; ammonium.
When slowly applied to
the soil, the drug becomes an additional source of nitrogen for plants, and
during the formation of crops, it turns into carbon dioxide, which is necessary
for their carbon nutrition. At home, used balls can be disposed of in the usual
way, they can be thrown into the garbage. Hydrogel - This is an artificial moisture-absorbing material
that contributes to the accumulation and storage of moisture. in the soil or in the substrate containing the hydrogel, near-ideal conditions for plants are created. In
addition, hydrogel can be used independently as a
uniform soil for plants. In our republic, special attention is paid to the
development of new water-saving technologies that can ensure the production of
crops that meet world standards due to the rational and efficient use of land
and water resources. In paragraph 3.3 of the Action Strategy for the
Development of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2017-2021, special attention is
paid to "the introduction of modern agro-technologies that save water and
other resources in agriculture"2. For this reason, in the current
conditions where water resources are becoming scarce, it is necessary to
develop non-traditional drip irrigation and other water-saving technologies of
crop irrigation in order to reduce water seepage into the ground and waste, and
to increase the efficiency of irrigation water use. requires
output and input. Decision of the President of the Republic
of Uzbekistan No. PQ-4087 of December 27, 2018
"On wide use of drip irrigation technologies in the cultivation of raw
cotton" and No. PF-6024 of July 10, 2020 "Water supply in the
Republic of Uzbekistan It is defined in the decree "On approval of the
concept of urban development for 2020-2030" and the regulatory legal
documents related to this activity. Scientific research aimed at the development of modern
technologies for irrigation of agricultural crops is carried out in the world's
leading scientific centers and higher education institutions, such as the United
States Department of Agriculture (USA), the University of Cordoba (Spain), the
St. Petersburg State Scientific Center named after Kirov (Russia
), Israel State Scientific Center and (Israel), Central Institute for
Cotton Research (India) and PSUEAITI (Uzbekistan). In the scientific studies
conducted in the developed countries of the world to improve the methods of
economical irrigation of agricultural crops, the seasonal water consumption was
twice saved in the drip irrigation of cotton and its related crops (United
States Department of Agriculture, USA); plant uptake of soil nutrients
increased during drip irrigation (University of Cordoba, Spain); when
irrigation water is activated, biochemical processes in the plant are
accelerated (St. Petersburg State Scientific Center named after Kirov, Russia);
the technology of using nitrogenous fertilizers in drip irrigation was
developed (State Scientific Center of Israel); the effect of mineral
fertilizers on soil improvement in the drip irrigation system was studied
(Central Institute for Cotton Research, India); economical technologies of
irrigation of new and promising cotton varieties: film irrigation, irrigation
through flexible pipes, discrete irrigation, drip and rain irrigation
technologies have been developed. Today, in the world, research is being
carried out in the following priority directions on the use of various elements
of irrigation methods: water and resource-efficient drip irrigation in cotton
and related crops, drip and rain irrigation in soils with varying degrees of
salinity. to determine the impact of irrigation on soil desalination, to reduce
the costs of introduction and use of the drip irrigation system, to improve the
elements of drip irrigation technology suitable for different cotton varieties
and soil and climatic conditions, seed It is urgent to study the effectiveness
of drip irrigation in cultivation, to carry out research on the wide
introduction of cotton drip irrigation technology. Scientists from all over the
world have been struggling with the problem of saving fresh water for
agriculture for a long time are coming, because in many regions there is a high
shortage of this resource. The main property of hydrogel
is its ability to retain water. It is able to collect 300 ml of water along
with 1 g of dissolved substances. When the surface layer dries, the particles
return to the form of granules and remain active for at least 5 years. Aquagel does not harm the environment. The tool serves on
time and separates the soil into simple substances that are common in nature:
water; carbon dioxide; ammonium.
Summary. The role of water in plant life and the
importance of water in growth and development in our republic and in the world
is explained in detail. It is explained how much water is needed in each phase
of plant development and how much it affects plant productivity, leaf area, and
transpiration productivity. The scientific research results of leading
scientists in the world and our republic and the rational use of water
resources are described in this article. In this case, a resource-saving method
of cotton, i.e., hydrogel methods, which retain moisture for a long time, were
used. In the irrigation of cotton, the rate of irrigation in each growth
period, as well as the number of irrigations are given. The effect of
fertilizers in the growth phase is presented. The importance of NPKs in the
formation of crop elements for plant life, productivity, duration of growth
phases was analyzed in detail.
References:
- Karimov I.A. World financial and economic crisis, ways and measures of its elimination in the conditions of Uzbekistan. - Tashkent: Uzbekistan, 2009. -54 b
- Isaboev Q., Hamidov M.H., Alieva D. Crop irrigation and productivity. Tashkent, Mehnat, 1991.
- Bespalov N.F. Cotton rotation and crop irrigation in Mirzachol. Tashkent, Uzbekistan-1970.
- Latkaev N.T. Watering cotton. Moscow, Kolos-1978
- Bespalov N.F., Livshis E.A., Malabaev N.I. i dr. Raschet orositelnyx norm hlopkogo complex. Trudy SoyuzNIXI, vyp. 53. Tashkent, 1983.
- Rakhimbaev F.M. Hamidov M.H. Bespalov F.A. Peculiarities of irrigation of agricultural crops in the Amudarya basin. Tashkent, Science-1992.
- Mirzajonov Q.M., Malaboev N.E., Umarov D.D. "Melioration of lands along the island" in the book "Modern technology of cotton cultivation". Tashkent-1993. Pages 17-21.
Internet material: - Kapelnoe oroshenie. /http://www.drip.agrodepartament.ru
- Kapelnoe oroshenie. /http://www.yug-poliv.ru.
- Chapel irrigation. /http://www.propoliv.com
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